What is crude oil? Crude oil is a yellow-to-black liquid consisting of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds. Crude oil will not mix with water, however under certain conditions crude oil will form an oil-in-water emulsion with a turbidity proportional to the oil concentration. The Kemtrak TC007 can be used to measure:
How can the Kemtrak TC007 be used to measure crude oil in water? Crude oil in water can be accurately measured using a Kemtrak TC007 process turbidimeter. One of the main benefits of the Kemtrak TC007 process turbidimeter is that all of the electronics, including the long-life, high performance LED light source and photodetectors, are encased within the TC007 analyser enclosure, allowing safe operation in even the most hazardous of environments. Industrial grade optic fibres are used to transfer low power cold light from within the TC007 analyser enclosure to the sampling point and back. As crude oil will not mix with water, it is vital that the sample under analysis has a turbulent flow to ensure sample homogeneity. The image below shows 5% light crude oil in water directly after being shaken (left) and then after five minutes (right): What were the results of the analysis? The calibration below was made using light crude oil (ρ=830 kg.m -3 @15°C, ν=3.51 mm.s -1 @20 °C) between 0 – 5 % oil in distilled water. The sample was hand shaken (5s) then immediately analysed. How do you install the equipment to undertake this analysis of crude oil in water? The most critical factor necessary for this analysis is a turbulent flow. It is recommended to use a narrow bore measurement cell and install this on a bypass line where water is available to zero the instrument and flush the cell when not in use. A narrow bore 1⁄4” or 1⁄2” NPT thread type measurement cell is typical for this application. Under operation the high-speed turbulent flow will keep the sapphire windows free from deposits. When not in use the measurement cell should be flushed with water to prevent sticky deposits from accumulating on the optical surfaces. The image below shows the Kemtrak 1⁄4” NPT industrial fibre optic measurement cell available in 316L, Monel 400, titanium or Hastelloy. The cell has the added benefits of being maintenance free and containing scratch-resistant sapphire windows. In addition, as there are no electronics or moving parts, this makes it the perfect choice for use in hazardous areas.
Where can I find out more about the Kemtrak TC007 and its applications? To discover more about how this popular instrument can help with colour monitoring, chemical concentration, water measurement in organics, and more, please contact us on 01442 876777 or email us at: [email protected].
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If your research and production require accurate measurement of light scattering components, both in-line and in real time, then the Kemtrak Inline Turbidity Meter offers an ideal solution.
This easy-to-use industrial process fibre optic turbidimeter contains long-life solid state LED lamps and precision fibre optics to provide drift and noise-free measurement at extremely high precision. Hassle free operation is ensured by automatic compensation of sample colour and fouling of the optical windows. The scratch resistant sapphire windows have no electronics or moving parts, making the unit appropriate for use in hazardous areas, as well as making them maintenance free. Other benefits of this popular piece of kit from Kemtrak include: • ISO 7027:1999(E) compliant • Reliable and robust infrared LED lamp • Extensive range of robust fibre optic measurement cells • Analogue output (0/4-20 mA) • Local and web based graphical user interface (TCP/IP). How does the Kemtrak Turbidity Meter work? The turbidity meter is made up of a control unit, flow cell and fibre optics, and is designed to measure the lack of clarity or “cloudiness” of a fluid caused by undissolved particles. Modern turbidimeters use a technique called nephelometry, which measures the amount of light scattered at right angles to an incident light beam. Both transmitted light and scattered light at 90° is measured and mathematically combined using a ratio algorithm to calculate the turbidity of the sample. The dual detection system and ratio algorithm then provides a turbidity measurement that has significantly better performance with coloured and/or light absorbing samples. A long-life LED light source is used to produce reliable turbidity measurements from 0.01 to over 4 000 NTU depending upon the configuration of the optical measurement cell or probe. This means the Kemtrak TC007 is an instrument of high accuracy with long-term calibration stability. What applications is the Kemtrak Turbidity Meter normally used for? The Kemtrak is typically applied in: • Filtration monitoring • Centrifuge control • Interface detection • Phase separation • Leak detection • Oil in water • Quality control To find out more about how this technology can benefit your research, production, or development, get in touch by calling: 01442 876777, or email us at: [email protected]. The Kemtrak NBP007 Backscatter Probe is a popular instrument that offers a great solution for:
The Kemtrak NBP007 overcomes the limitations of traditional turbidity based optical measurement instruments, which stop working at approximately 1% suspended solids due to the extremely high optical density. In contrast, the output of a Kemtrak backscatter probe will continue to increase with sample concentration ensuring a reliable measurement. For the first time, the operator can also monitor and retain complete control over their process at any concentration. This means any process changes can be quickly implemented that results in substantial cost savings. Other benefits include:
The robust industrial fibre optic probe with scratch resistant sapphire optics, no electronics and no moving parts is well suited for both ordinary and hazardous area installation and can withstand high temperature process streams or sterilization cycles. A built-in graphical internet-based interface allows for remote operation, calibration, validation, and data trending using a standard web browser. To find out more about how the Kemtrak NBP007 can help you with your production, research, or development, please get in touch at: [email protected] or call: 01442 876777. The Kemtrak FL007 is a fibre optic probe-based oil in water monitor that is ideal for those looking to:
• Trace oil in water • Detect leaks • Measure cooling water and condensate return • Monitor drinking water, wastewater, and impact on the environment. Offering a state-of-the-art combined fluorescence and turbidity measurement, the Kemtrak FL007 provides reliable, continuous monitoring of oil and hydrocarbon contamination in water. Highlights include: • Simultaneous UV fluorescence and turbidity • Hygienic Ø12 mm PG 13.5 immersion probe • Real time in-line measurement • Calibration for 16 different oil types • Suitable for hazardous area use • Alarm, 4-20mA and Modbus communications. The probe works on the basis that mineral oils rich in aromatic content will fluoresce when illuminated with ultraviolet light. The intensity of this fluorescence is dependent upon the polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of the oil. Typical oils that fluoresce are fuel oil, crude oil, hydraulic oil, and transformer oil. Every oil has its own unique fluorescence intensity, resulting from its specific PAH content. The combined fluorescence from both dissolved and dispersed oil in water can then be measured and correlated to the oil content. Other gases and solids present in the stream will not fluoresce and therefore do not affect the measurement, and it’s important to bear in mind that non-mineral oils or hydrocarbons low in aromatic content may not fluoresce. Standard features of the Kemtrak FL007 include: • 16 linearization tables for multiple product switching • Remote zeroing • Automatic cleaning cycle • Signal filtering. A range of standard fittings and retractable probe holders to be used, due to the immersion probe having the same dimensions as industry standard Ø12 mm PG 13.5 pH sensors. If you’re working in a hazardous environment, the probe is still suitable for use owing to its robust, industrial fibre optic probe with scratch resistant sapphire optics, no electronics, and no moving parts. It can also be remotely operated and calibrated through a built-in graphical internet-based interface using a standard web browser. To find out more about how the Kemtrak FL007 works and the benefits of using this instrument, please contact us at: sales:fullbrook.com or call: 01442 876777. The Kemtrak FL007 oil-in-water analyzer simultaneously measures both fluorescence and turbidity. Fluorescence will detect oils by measuring the aromatic content of the oils and with the turbidity we can detect oils with lower aromatic content or other contaminations.
Kemtrak is the only company that offers a solution to measure both the turbidity and fluorescence simultaneously. The Kemtrak FL007 uses the hygienic backscatter probe, which is a convenient PG13.5 “pH style” probe that can be used everywhere from pharmaceutical to heavy duty EX installations in the petrochemical market. Benefits of the FL007 include:
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